Introduction
* gain attention and create interest
* clarify the purpose/subject/context
* preview the talk (give a roadmap)
Body of the talk
* make it interesting and substantive
* organize information logically
* use evidence that supports arguments/points
Conclusion
* signal the ending distinctly
* summarize key points
* end on a strong note
* acknowledge sources of information or support (grants, mentors, etc.)
Qs & As
* remember to ask for questions
* give knowledgeable responses
* gracefully handle questions that you can't answer
Voice
* project your voice effectively (speakers are often too quiet; they are
almost never too loud)
* pace your delivery (speakers often talk too fast, sometimes fueled by
nervousness)
* pronounce words clearly
* avoid verbal fillers (“um,” “ah”)
* project a sense of ease & control
Appearance
* look professional
* make good eye contact with audience
* don't stare at notes (speak extemporaneously; use visuals to guide
and remind you of points)
* try to appear natural, comfortable
* show good posture
Visual Aids
* use graphics effectively to support main ideas
* make all visuals clear and visible
* handle the visual medium smoothly (e.g., PowerPoint, 35mm slides, transparencies)
* while showing visuals, maintain focus on the audience
* use a consistent format and design for graphic aids
Team
* clearly define roles for group members
* evenly distribute roles for team members
* create smooth transitions between speakers
* use a consistent style of graphics across speakers to create a unified
appearance
Questions? Comments? Contact us at writingcenter@caltech.edu.